Georgia

country's climate policy

It is structured around three complementary objectives: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening resilience to climate risks, and deepening integration with the European Union. Based on commitments made under the Paris Agreement and the EU-Georgia Association Agreement, it sets, through NDC 3.0, a target of reducing net emissions by 47% by 2030 and 50% by 2035 compared to 1990, while the long-term strategy (LT-LEDS, 2023) aims for carbon neutrality by 2050 (Georgia, 2026; Government of Georgia, 2023). These commitments translate into sectoral measures in energy, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, waste and forests, including a 15% reduction in emissions related to energy production and supply by 2030 and a 25% reduction in the transport sector by 2035, as well as an increase in the share of renewable energy to 27.4% (Georgia, 2026; EU4Climate, n.d.).

At the same time, adaptation is a major priority due to the country's vulnerability to extreme weather events, landslides, glacial hazards, and changes in rainfall patterns. Actions focus on agriculture, water resources, health, biodiversity, and coastal areas, including the development of early warning systems and local resilience measures. Climate policy also incorporates the principles of a just transition, gender equality, and social inclusion. However, its implementation presents a considerable financial challenge, with estimated investment needs of between USD 50 and 78 billion, and also relies on local action, with more than 30 Georgian municipalities having joined the Covenant of Mayors of the European Union.

• EU4Climate. (nd). Georgia. European Union & United Nations Development Program.
• Gaprindashvili, N. (2023). Environmental policies and practice in Georgia: Some indications to consider on the way to sustainability. Public Policy and Administration, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.13165/VPA-23-22-4-15
• Georgia. (2026). Georgia's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
• Government of Georgia. (2023). Georgia’s Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy 2050 (LT-LEDS).

Timeline of climate policy

The instruments studied in Georgia

APIICC worldwide