Senegal

country's climate policy

The Senegalese agricultural sector is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, as nearly 95% of cultivated land is directly dependent on rainfall (Republic of Senegal, 2018). The country is experiencing an estimated temperature increase of between +1.85°C and +4.5°C by 2090, as well as significant rainfall variability characterized by more frequent droughts and floods (World Bank, 2024). This situation leads to losses in agricultural production, land degradation, and increasing food insecurity, with economic losses potentially reaching 9.4% of GDP by 2050 if sufficient adaptation measures are not implemented (World Bank, 2024).

However, shortcomings in climate governance risk exacerbating this vulnerability. Despite the existence of strategic frameworks such as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the National Adaptation Plan (NAP), and the Agricultural, Forestry, and Pastoral Orientation Law (LOASP), coordination between institutions, local authorities, and local actors remains limited. This situation results in weak integration of climate risks into agricultural projects, difficulties in territorial planning, and limited access to climate finance. Several initiatives have nevertheless been developed to strengthen this governance, including the strengthening of the National Climate Change Coordination Committee (COMNACC), agricultural climate services provided by ANACIM and ISRA, and climate-smart agriculture programs supported by the FAO and the World Bank. Furthermore, the limitations of climate governance significantly reduce the agricultural sector's capacity to mobilize international climate finance.

Despite the existence of mechanisms such as the Green Climate Fund, access to resources remains limited due to weak local capacity to develop bankable projects and a lack of institutional coordination (World Bank, 2024; NAP-Agriculture, 2022). Several climate project development initiatives are supported by technical and financial partners, but their local ownership remains low. In this context, bancassurance and agricultural insurance mechanisms are increasingly seen as innovative tools for reducing credit risks related to climate hazards and securing agricultural loans (CNAAS, 2023).

• World Bank. (2024). Senegal Country Climate and Development Report. World Bank Group.
• National Agricultural Insurance Company of Senegal [CNAAS]. (2022). CNAAS in figures and words, Mouhamadou Moustapha Fall, CEO of CNAAS, speaking candidly.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO]. (2026). Senegal: Transforming the priorities of the PNA Agriculture into bankable climate projects.
• Republic of Senegal. (2018). National Agricultural Investment Programme for Food Security and Nutrition (PNIASAN Senegal 2018–2022).
• Republic of Senegal. (2025). National plan for adapting the agricultural sector to climate change – Horizon 2050.Ministry of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Livestock & Ministry of the Environment and Ecological Transition.

National climate policy timeline

The instruments studied in Senegal

Photo credits: Amy Gueye (research assistant) and Gilles Massardier (director of the APIICC project), during a meeting in Dakar with the central administration.